Pakistan's Foreign Intelligence Service Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI) is responsible for collecting foreign and global intelligence information for the security of Pakistan. But in Afghanistan, on the contrary, there was an intelligence agency whose task was to report and spy on their compatriots who opposed the government, and not the national security of Afghanistan in the international arena.
Author: Farid Younes
Ethnic sentiment took precedence over diplomacy, and the Afghan government was unable to see the world from a new perspective after World War II. It did not understand the importance of Afghanistan as a buffer zone between East and West.
When Pakistan was formed (1947), the Afghan government did not recognize this state. This was the first blow that Afghanistan inflicted not only on itself, but also on the peace in the region, as the new Pakistan realized that on the one hand it must confront India because of the Kashmir issue, and on the other hand because of the Pashtun issue with Afghanistan. Both Kashmir and Pashtunistan were colonial bargains that Pakistan had to contend with. Pakistan sensed the danger and took action.
First, Pashtuns were appointed to important positions in his territory which gave them the opportunity to rise to power. Unlike Afghanistan, which ignored the non-Pashtuns in its political construction and structure.
General Mohammad Ayub Khan, the second president of Pakistan who came to power in a coup, was from the border Pashtuns. The powerful Pakistani Pashtuns have never allowed the Pashtun border tribes on the other side of the Durand Line to call themselves separatists and freedom fighters.
Secondly, it entered into important military and defense agreements with the US and Britain. Pakistan understood its position well and in 1954 signed the Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement with the United States. The agreement was signed when Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan came to power as Prime Minister of Afghanistan in 1953 and his foreign policy was centered on the so-called "Pashtunistan issue".
Pakistan was later included in SEATO, the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, which included the US, UK, France, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand.
A little later, Pakistan became part of the Baghdad Pact, later known as CENTO, that is, the Central Treaty Organization (Central Treaty Organization). It was a military and defense pact that included Britain, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. The United States did not enter, but closely and indirectly followed the situation.
And thirdly, with the direct assistance of Britain, it created the ISI. Yes, the Pakistani ISI was created with the help of the British. The British secret intelligence service is called the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), which means the British Foreign Intelligence Service, known as "MI6".
Pakistan's Foreign Intelligence Service Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI) is responsible for collecting foreign and global intelligence information for the security of Pakistan. But in Afghanistan, on the contrary, there was an intelligence service whose task was to report and spy on their compatriots who opposed the government on the international stage and not (ensure) the national security of Afghanistan. The main difference between Afghanistan and Pakistan was that they created an international spy agency for their own benefit, while our intelligence service was dedicated to suppressing dissenting people.
After Pakistan strengthened its ties with the aforementioned organizations and established a powerful international intelligence center, it not only kept a close eye on Afghanistan but also tried to initiate political and economic challenges in Afghanistan.
Although after the appearance of Pakistan, Afghanistan did not recognize him, he later regretted and withdrew his note of non-recognition. But by that time, the relationship had already been spoiled. When Sardar Mohammad Daud came to power for the second time as president, Pakistan, dissatisfied with the development of the situation, took action, and riots broke out in Afghanistan. Pakistan sought to find those who were against Daud Khan, the most famous of them was Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.
The government of Daoud Khan was overthrown, and the helm of the Afghan jihad fell into the hands of Pakistan.
